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DIRD 04 DIRD Biomaterials

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Introduction...........................................................................................................vi
ImportanceofBiocompatibility.........................................................................vii
ScienceofBiomaterials......................................................................................vii
BiomaterialsforBiosensors...................................................................................1
BiomaterialsforBiomedicine.................................................................................2
BiomedicalSilicones- Polydimethylsiloxanes....................................................2
SiliconeChemistry•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 4
SiliconeInBiomedicalProducts..........................................................................4
Teflon...................................................................................................................6
BiodegradablePolymers............................................................................................ 7
BiodegradationAdvantages......•..•.•..•..•••.••.••••••••..••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••••••••••••• 8
DegradableBiomateriaIs....................................................................................8
PolylacticAcidandPolyglycolicAcid.•.••••.•..•..••..••.•••.••..•.•••••••••••.••.•.•••••••••••••••••• 8
PolyethyleneGlycolorPolyethyleneOxide•••.••••.••••••••••••.•••..••...•.••.•.•.••.••.•••••...10
Hydrogels.•••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••.•••..•••....••.....•..••••.••••••••••••••••••10
Titanium- HipandKneeJoints
11
BioCeramics.....................................................................................................11
DentalCeramics•••••••.••••••••.••.••••..•.••••.••••...••....••.•.••.•..•......•.••.•.••••••••••••..•••.••••••13
TissueConstructsasBiomaterials....................................................................13
CardiovascularBlomaterials•••••••••••.••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••.••••••••.••15
StentBiomaterials......................................................: ..••.•.•..••••..•...•••••••••••••••••18
NitinolasaBiomaterial......................................................................................19
ContactLenses.......................................................................................................19
DrugDeliveryPolymers.........................................................................................20
MedicalTitaniumasaBiomaterial....................................................................22

BlomaterialsinDialvsis......................................................................................24
SummaryandRecommendations......................................................
1....................2S

Fig ure1.BiomaterialApplicationsinMedicaIDevices............................................vi
Figure2.CommonMedicalDevicesThatUseBiomaterials...................................vlli
Figure 3.BiomaterialsSuch as Polycarbonates, Cellulose, and SiliconesUsedin
MembranesforSensors,Dialyzers,andOxygenators..............................1
Figure4.PhotographofSilicone(polydimethyllsiloxane)BiomedicalImplants
UsedinBreastReconstructiveSurgery••••••••••••.••••••....•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3
Figure5.SiliconeChemicalGroups•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4
Figure6.SiliconeTracheostomyTube....................................................................5
Figure7.SiliconeSheetsUsedUndertheSkinasaPhysicalSupportingLayerfor
RepairofScarTissue..................................................................................... 5
Figure8.TeflonStructure•••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.••••••..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6
Figure9.ExpandedPTFE(Gore-TexorePTFE)UsedinLipImplants......................7
Figure10.BiodegradablePolymers........................................................................7
Figure11.StructureofPolvlacticAcid(aBiodegradablePolymer)........................9
Figure12.BiodegradablePLAasanAntiadhesionBarrierafterOpen-Heart
Surgery..................................................................................................9
Figure13.BiodegradablePolymersBasedonCopolymersofPolylacticAcidand
PolyethyleneGlycol(PolysciencesInc)...............................................10
Figure14.DotsofHydrogel....••....•......•.••••••••••..•••••....•••••••...••••.•••••.......•.•...••.....••10
Figure15.VariousTitaniumComponentsUsedinHipJointReplacement••••••••••••11
Figure16.HydroxyapatitePorousBone-LikeStructureAfterCommercial
Processing.....•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••..••..•..•.•.....••.•••••••••••••••.••12
Figure17.BioceramicUsedinArtificialHipReplacementComponent..................12
Figure18.Computer-BasedSculptedCeramicTeeth............................................13
Figure19.Scaffold-GuidedTissueRegeneration..................................................14
Figure20.BiodegradableMaterialCSLGDepositedinaHoneycombStructureto
AllowInfiltrationbyLivingCellsWhileinaSubmergedCellCulture•••15
Figure21.SomeoftheMorePopularBiomedicalDevicesandDurationofTheir
BloodContact.........................
111...............................................................16
Figure22.GoreMedicalTeflonFoamUsedinVascularGrafts..............................16
Figure23.IllustrationofTreatmentofanAtrialSeptalDefectUsinga
Teflon-BasedProductManufacturedbyGore,Inc...............................17
Figure24.StainlessSteelandTeflonBjorkShileyHeartValve............................18
Figure25.IllustrationofStentPlacement...........................................................18
Figure26.NitinolStent..........................................................................................19
Figure27.ContactLens••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••20
Figure28.SchematicRepresentationofBiodegradable(Bioerodible)Drug
DelivervDevice••II................................II......................................................21
Figure29.PhotomicrographofTitaniumMetal(AppearsBlackinThisPhoto)
inanIntimateIntegrationWithLivingBone.......................................23
Figure30.Illustration(Left)andPhotograph(Right)ofaBloodDialyzeras
UsedinMedicine.......II.............
11.........................................._........................24
Figure31.CuprophaneMembranePassesBloodWasteProducts(Violetand
OrangeDots)ThroughPoresandBlocksPassageofRedBloodCells••2S

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