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DIRD 04 DIRD Biomaterials
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| Introduction...........................................................................................................vi |
|---|
| ImportanceofBiocompatibility.........................................................................vii |
| ScienceofBiomaterials......................................................................................vii |
| BiomaterialsforBiosensors...................................................................................1 |
| BiomaterialsforBiomedicine.................................................................................2 |
| BiomedicalSilicones- Polydimethylsiloxanes....................................................2 |
| SiliconeChemistry•.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• 4 |
| SiliconeInBiomedicalProducts..........................................................................4 |
| Teflon...................................................................................................................6 |
| BiodegradablePolymers............................................................................................ 7 |
| BiodegradationAdvantages......•..•.•..•..•••.••.••••••••..••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••••••••••••• 8 |
| DegradableBiomateriaIs....................................................................................8 |
| PolylacticAcidandPolyglycolicAcid.•.••••.•..•..••..••.•••.••..•.•••••••••••.••.•.•••••••••••••••••• 8 |
| PolyethyleneGlycolorPolyethyleneOxide•••.••••.••••••••••••.•••..••...•.••.•.•.••.••.•••••...10 |
| Hydrogels.•••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.•.••••••••••••••••.•••..•••....••.....•..••••.••••••••••••••••••10 |
| Titanium- HipandKneeJoints 11 |
| BioCeramics.....................................................................................................11 |
| DentalCeramics•••••••.••••••••.••.••••..•.••••.••••...••....••.•.••.•..•......•.••.•.••••••••••••..•••.••••••13 |
| TissueConstructsasBiomaterials....................................................................13 |
| CardiovascularBlomaterials•••••••••••.••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••.••••••••.••15 |
| StentBiomaterials......................................................: ..••.•.•..••••..•...•••••••••••••••••18 |
| NitinolasaBiomaterial......................................................................................19 |
| ContactLenses.......................................................................................................19 |
| DrugDeliveryPolymers.........................................................................................20 |
| MedicalTitaniumasaBiomaterial....................................................................22 |
| BlomaterialsinDialvsis......................................................................................24 |
|---|
| SummaryandRecommendations...................................................... 1....................2S |
| Fig ure1.BiomaterialApplicationsinMedicaIDevices............................................vi |
|---|
| Figure2.CommonMedicalDevicesThatUseBiomaterials...................................vlli |
| Figure 3.BiomaterialsSuch as Polycarbonates, Cellulose, and SiliconesUsedin |
| MembranesforSensors,Dialyzers,andOxygenators..............................1 |
| Figure4.PhotographofSilicone(polydimethyllsiloxane)BiomedicalImplants |
| UsedinBreastReconstructiveSurgery••••••••••••.••••••....•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 |
| Figure5.SiliconeChemicalGroups•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 4 |
| Figure6.SiliconeTracheostomyTube....................................................................5 |
| Figure7.SiliconeSheetsUsedUndertheSkinasaPhysicalSupportingLayerfor |
| RepairofScarTissue..................................................................................... 5 |
| Figure8.TeflonStructure•••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••.••••••..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6 |
| Figure9.ExpandedPTFE(Gore-TexorePTFE)UsedinLipImplants......................7 |
| Figure10.BiodegradablePolymers........................................................................7 |
| Figure11.StructureofPolvlacticAcid(aBiodegradablePolymer)........................9 |
| Figure12.BiodegradablePLAasanAntiadhesionBarrierafterOpen-Heart |
| Surgery..................................................................................................9 |
| Figure13.BiodegradablePolymersBasedonCopolymersofPolylacticAcidand |
| PolyethyleneGlycol(PolysciencesInc)...............................................10 |
| Figure14.DotsofHydrogel....••....•......•.••••••••••..•••••....•••••••...••••.•••••.......•.•...••.....••10 |
| Figure15.VariousTitaniumComponentsUsedinHipJointReplacement••••••••••••11 |
| Figure16.HydroxyapatitePorousBone-LikeStructureAfterCommercial |
| Processing.....•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••••••..••..•..•.•.....••.•••••••••••••••.••12 |
| Figure17.BioceramicUsedinArtificialHipReplacementComponent..................12 |
| Figure18.Computer-BasedSculptedCeramicTeeth............................................13 |
| Figure19.Scaffold-GuidedTissueRegeneration..................................................14 |
| Figure20.BiodegradableMaterialCSLGDepositedinaHoneycombStructureto |
| AllowInfiltrationbyLivingCellsWhileinaSubmergedCellCulture•••15 |
| Figure21.SomeoftheMorePopularBiomedicalDevicesandDurationofTheir |
| BloodContact......................... 111...............................................................16 |
| Figure22.GoreMedicalTeflonFoamUsedinVascularGrafts..............................16 |
| Figure23.IllustrationofTreatmentofanAtrialSeptalDefectUsinga |
| Teflon-BasedProductManufacturedbyGore,Inc...............................17 |
| Figure24.StainlessSteelandTeflonBjorkShileyHeartValve............................18 |
| Figure25.IllustrationofStentPlacement...........................................................18 |
| Figure26.NitinolStent..........................................................................................19 |
| Figure27.ContactLens••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••20 |
| Figure28.SchematicRepresentationofBiodegradable(Bioerodible)Drug |
| DelivervDevice••II................................II......................................................21 |
| Figure29.PhotomicrographofTitaniumMetal(AppearsBlackinThisPhoto) |
| inanIntimateIntegrationWithLivingBone.......................................23 |
| Figure30.Illustration(Left)andPhotograph(Right)ofaBloodDialyzeras |
| UsedinMedicine.......II............. 11.........................................._........................24 |
| Figure31.CuprophaneMembranePassesBloodWasteProducts(Violetand |
| OrangeDots)ThroughPoresandBlocksPassageofRedBloodCells••2S |
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